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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">DNA-bindende Proteine</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Ein <b>DNA-bindendes Protein</b> ist ein <a href="Protein" title="Protein">Protein</a>, das an <a href="DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a> bindet.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>DNA-bindende Proteine kommen in allen Lebewesen und <a href="DNA-Virus" title="DNA-Virus">DNA-Viren</a> vor. Sie besitzen mindestens eine <a href="Proteindom%C3%A4ne" title="Proteindomäne">Proteindomäne</a>, welche an DNA <a href="Protein-DNA-Interaktion" title="Protein-DNA-Interaktion">binden</a> kann. Die Bindung kann dabei an verschiedenen <a href="Funktionelle_Gruppe" title="Funktionelle Gruppe">funktionellen Gruppen</a> erfolgen. Das Rückgrat der DNA besteht aus sich abwechselnden <a href="Phosphat" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphat">Phosphat</a>- und <a href="Desoxyribose" title="Desoxyribose">Desoxyribose</a>-Einheiten. Durch die Phosphatgruppen ist die DNA proportional zur Kettenlänge mit negativen <a href="Ladung_(Physik)" title="Ladung (Physik)">Ladungen</a> versehen, an die unter anderem Proteindomänen mit positiv-geladenen <a href="Aminos%C3%A4uren" title="Aminosäuren">Aminosäuren</a> (z. B. <a href="Lysin" title="Lysin">Lysin</a>, <a href="Arginin" title="Arginin">Arginin</a>) oder Proteindomänen mit negativ geladenen Aminosäuren mit <a href="Komplexbindung" class="mw-redirect" title="Komplexbindung">komplexierten</a> Kationen binden können (z. B. <a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg<sup>2+</sup></a>- oder <a href="Zink" title="Zink">Zn<sup>2+</sup></a>-Komplexe).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Da das Desoxyribosephosphat-Rückgrat sich ständig wiederholt, kann ein ausschließlich an das Rückgrat bindendes Protein nicht an eine bestimmte <a href="DNA-Sequenz" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA-Sequenz">DNA-Sequenz</a> binden (keine Sequenzspezifität). Eine sequenzspezifische Bindung erfolgt durch zumindest teilweise Bindung an eine bestimmte Folge von <a href="Nukleinbase" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleinbase">Nukleinbasen</a>, teilweise kann auch das Rückgrat gebunden werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sequenzspezifität"><span id="Sequenzspezifit.C3.A4t"></span>Sequenzspezifität</h3></div>
<p>DNA-bindende Proteine ohne Sequenzspezifität sind z. B. die <a href="Polymerasen" title="Polymerasen">Polymerasen</a>, <a href="Helikasen" title="Helikasen">Helicasen</a> und generell Proteine, die an der DNA entlanggleiten (z. B. mit DNA-Klammer). Sequenzspezifisch DNA-bindende Proteine sind z. B. <a href="Transkriptionsfaktor" title="Transkriptionsfaktor">Transkriptionsfaktoren</a>, die an definierten Stellen (<a href="Promotor_(Genetik)" title="Promotor (Genetik)">Promotor</a>) eine <a href="Genexpression" title="Genexpression">Genexpression</a> auslösen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aufgrund des höheren Anteils an Nukleinbasen in der Oberfläche binden sequenzspezifische DNA-bindende Moleküle eher in der großen Furche der DNA-Doppelhelix.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Während manche sequenzspezifisch DNA-bindende Proteine bevorzugt einzelsträngige DNA binden (z. B. <a href="Einzelstrang-bindendes_Protein" title="Einzelstrang-bindendes Protein">Einzelstrang-bindendes Protein</a>), binden andere doppelsträngige DNA (die meisten) und einige wenige auch <a href="Heteroduplex" title="Heteroduplex">Heteroduplexe</a> aus DNA und <a href="RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA">RNA</a> (z. B. <a href="Telomerase" title="Telomerase">Telomerase</a>, <a href="Reverse_Transkriptase" title="Reverse Transkriptase">Reverse Transkriptasen</a>, <a href="RNase_H" class="mw-redirect" title="RNase H">RNase H</a>).
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bindung_einzelsträngiger_DNA"><span id="Bindung_einzelstr.C3.A4ngiger_DNA"></span>Bindung einzelsträngiger DNA</h3></div>
<p>Einzelsträngige DNA kommt in <a href="Eukaryot" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryot">Eukaryoten</a> dauerhaft an den <a href="Telomer" title="Telomer">Telomeren</a> vor und vorübergehend unter anderem bei der <a href="Replikation" title="Replikation">Replikation</a>, der <a href="Transkription_(Biologie)" title="Transkription (Biologie)">Transkription</a>, der <a href="Rekombination_(Genetik)" title="Rekombination (Genetik)">Rekombination</a> und der <a href="DNA-Reparatur" title="DNA-Reparatur">DNA-Reparatur</a> vor,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> z. B. das <a href="Einzelstrang-bindendes_Protein" title="Einzelstrang-bindendes Protein">Einzelstrang-bindende Protein</a> und manche DNA-Reparaturenzyme.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bindung_doppelsträngiger_DNA"><span id="Bindung_doppelstr.C3.A4ngiger_DNA"></span>Bindung doppelsträngiger DNA</h3></div>
<p>Doppelsträngige DNA mit komplementärer <a href="Basenpaarung" class="mw-redirect" title="Basenpaarung">Basenpaarung</a> bildet eine <a href="Doppelhelix" title="Doppelhelix">Doppelhelix</a> aus (<a href="B-DNA" title="B-DNA">B-DNA</a>). Diese DNA-Doppelhelix besitzt eine große und eine kleine Furche. Die kleine Furche besitzt einen kleineren Anteil der Nukleinbasen in der Oberfläche des Moleküls, weshalb sie sich weniger für eine Sequenz-spezifische Bindung eignet. Verschiedene DNA-bindende Moleküle wie <a href="Lexitropsine" title="Lexitropsine">Lexitropsine</a>, <a href="Netropsin" title="Netropsin">Netropsin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Distamycin" title="Distamycin">Distamycin</a>, <a href="Hoechst_33342" title="Hoechst 33342">Hoechst 33342</a>, <a href="Pentamidin" title="Pentamidin">Pentamidin</a>, <a href="DAPI" class="mw-redirect" title="DAPI">DAPI</a> oder <a href="SYBR_Green_I" title="SYBR Green I">SYBR Green I</a> binden sequenzunabhängig an die kleine Furche doppelsträngiger DNA.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doppelstrang-bindende Proteine sind unter anderem <a href="Histon" title="Histon">Histone</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bzw. <a href="DNA-bindendes_Protein_H-NS" title="DNA-bindendes Protein H-NS">DNA-bindendes Protein H-NS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="High-Mobility-Group-Proteine" title="High-Mobility-Group-Proteine">High-Mobility-Group-Proteine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="DNA-Polymerasen" title="DNA-Polymerasen">DNA-Polymerasen</a>, DNA-abhängige <a href="RNA-Polymerase" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA-Polymerase">RNA-Polymerasen</a>, <a href="Helicase" class="mw-redirect" title="Helicase">Helicasen</a>, <a href="Topoisomerase" title="Topoisomerase">Topoisomerasen</a>, <a href="Gyrase" title="Gyrase">Gyrasen</a>, <a href="Ligasen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligasen">Ligasen</a>, <a href="Polynukleotid" class="mw-redirect" title="Polynukleotid">Polynukleotid</a>-<a href="Kinase" title="Kinase">Kinasen</a>, <a href="Nuklease" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuklease">Nukleasen</a>, manche <a href="DNA-Reparatur" title="DNA-Reparatur">DNA-Reparaturenzyme</a>. Sequenzspezifisch dsDNA-bindende Proteine sind unter anderem <a href="Transkriptionsfaktor" title="Transkriptionsfaktor">Transkriptionsfaktoren</a> und manche <a href="Endonuklease" title="Endonuklease">Endonukleasen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prokaryotische Transkriptionsfaktoren sind meistens kleiner als die von ihnen kontrollierten Genexpressionsprodukte, während eukaryotische Transkriptionsfaktoren meistens größer als deren kontrollierten Produkte sind und gelegentlich mehrere Kopien einer DNA-bindenden Domäne besitzen.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DNA-bindende_Proteindomänen"><span id="DNA-bindende_Proteindom.C3.A4nen"></span>DNA-bindende Proteindomänen</h3></div>
<p>Typische Proteindomänen bei dsDNA-bindenden Proteinen sind die <a href="Zinkfingerprotein" title="Zinkfingerprotein">Zinkfingerdomäne</a>, die <a href="AT-Haken" title="AT-Haken">AT-Haken</a>, die <a href="DNA-Klammer" title="DNA-Klammer">DNA-Klammer</a> und das <a href="Helix-Turn-Helix-Motiv" title="Helix-Turn-Helix-Motiv">Helix-Turn-Helix-Motiv</a> zur DNA-Bindung oder die <a href="BZIP-Dom%C3%A4ne" title="BZIP-Domäne">Leucinzipperdomäne</a> (bZIP) zur <a href="Dimer" title="Dimer">Dimerisierung</a>. Bei einzelsträngiger DNA wurde unter anderem die <i>OB-Faltungsdomäne</i> beschrieben.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identifikation">Identifikation</h2></div>
<p>Methoden zur Bestimmung von Protein-DNA-Wechselwirkungen (gebundene <a href="DNA-Sequenz" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA-Sequenz">DNA-Sequenz</a>, DNA-bindende Proteine) sind z. B. <a href="Electrophoretic_Mobility_Shift_Assay" title="Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay">EMSA</a>, <a href="DNase_Footprinting_Assay" title="DNase Footprinting Assay">DNase Footprinting Assay</a>, <a href="Filterbindungstest" title="Filterbindungstest">Filterbindungstest</a>, DPI-ELISA, DamID, <a href="SELEX" title="SELEX">SELEX</a>, <a href="Chromatin-Immunpr%C3%A4zipitation" title="Chromatin-Immunpräzipitation">ChIP</a>, <a href="ChIP-on-Chip" title="ChIP-on-Chip">ChIP-on-Chip</a> oder <a href="ChIP-Seq" title="ChIP-Seq">ChIP-Seq</a> und DAP-Seq.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modellierung">Modellierung</h2></div>
<p>Verschiedene Ansätze zur <a href="Molekulare_Modellierung" title="Molekulare Modellierung">molekularen Modellierung</a> wurden beschrieben.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ebenso wurden Algorithmen zur Bestimmung der gebundenen DNA-Sequenz entwickelt.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modifikation">Modifikation</h2></div>
<p>Im Zuge eines <a href="Proteindesign" title="Proteindesign">Proteindesigns</a> können z. B. <a href="Zinkfingerprotein" title="Zinkfingerprotein">Zinkfingerproteine</a> oder <a href="TALEN" class="mw-redirect" title="TALEN">TALENs</a> entworfen werden. Mit der <a href="CRISPR/Cas-Methode" title="CRISPR/Cas-Methode">CRISPR/Cas-Methode</a> können anhand einer komplementären RNA-Sequenz entsprechende DNA-Sequenzen gebunden werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formen">Formen</h2></div>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>Cro</b> im Komplex mit DNA</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">DNA (orange) mit <a href="Histon" title="Histon">Histonen</a> (blau)</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Der <a href="Bakteriophage_Lambda" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakteriophage Lambda">Lambda</a>-<a href="Repressor" title="Repressor">Repressor</a> mit <a href="Helix-Turn-Helix-Motiv" title="Helix-Turn-Helix-Motiv">Helix-Turn-Helix-Motiv</a> an DNA gebunden<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Das <a href="Restriktionsenzym" title="Restriktionsenzym">Restriktionsenzym</a> <a href="EcoRV" title="EcoRV">EcoRV</a> (grün) mit DNA.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">DNA-Klammer</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:DNA-binding_proteins?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: DNA-bindende Proteine</a></span></b>&nbsp;– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biomolecular-modeling.com/Abalone/index.html">Abalone</a> tool for modeling DNA-ligand interactions.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transcriptionfactor.org/">DBD database of predicted transcription factors</a> Uses a curated set of DNA-binding domains to predict transcription factors in all completely sequenced genomes</li>
<li><a href="Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/search?searchMethod=FullWord&amp;searchInField=termDescriptor&amp;sort=&amp;size=20&amp;searchType=exactMatch&amp;q=DNA-Binding+Proteins">DNA-bindende Proteine</a></i></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. A. Travers: <cite style="font-style:italic">DNA-protein interactions</cite>. Springer, London 1993, ISBN 0-412-25990-7.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:DNA-bindende+Proteine&amp;rft.au=A.+A.+Travers&amp;rft.btitle=DNA-protein+interactions&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0412259907&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Springer" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. O. Pabo, R. T. Sauer: <cite style="font-style:italic">Protein-DNA recognition</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Annu. Rev. Biochem.</cite> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>53</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, 1984, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>293–321</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.001453">10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.001453</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6236744?dopt=Abstract">PMID 6236744</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:DNA-bindende+Proteine&amp;rft.atitle=Protein-DNA+recognition&amp;rft.au=C.+O.+Pabo%2C+R.+T.+Sauer&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.doi=10.1146%2Fannurev.bi.53.070184.001453&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Annu.+Rev.+Biochem.&amp;rft.pages=293-321&amp;rft.pmid=6236744&amp;rft.volume=53" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. E. Dickerson: <cite style="font-style:italic">The DNA helix and how it is read</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Sci Am</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>249</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>6</span>, 1983, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>94–111</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1283-94">10.1038/scientificamerican1283-94</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:DNA-bindende+Proteine&amp;rft.atitle=The+DNA+helix+and+how+it+is+read&amp;rft.au=R.+E.+Dickerson&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.doi=10.1038%2Fscientificamerican1283-94&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.jtitle=Sci+Am&amp;rft.pages=94-111&amp;rft.volume=249" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Luger, A. Mäder, R. Richmond, D. Sargent, T. Richmond: <cite style="font-style:italic">Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 A resolution</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Nature</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>389</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>6648</span>, 1997, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>251–260</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/38444">10.1038/38444</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9305837?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9305837</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:DNA-bindende+Proteine&amp;rft.atitle=Crystal+structure+of+the+nucleosome+core+particle+at+2.8+A+resolution&amp;rft.au=K.+Luger%2C+A.+M%C3%A4der%2C+R.+Richmond%2C+...&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.doi=10.1038%2F38444&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=6648&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.pages=251-260&amp;rft.pmid=9305837&amp;rft.volume=389" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Z. Li, S. Van Calcar, C. Qu, W. Cavenee, M. Zhang, B. Ren: <cite style="font-style:italic">A global transcriptional regulatory role for c-Myc in Burkitt's lymphoma cells</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>100</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>14</span>, 2003, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>8164–8169</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1332764100">10.1073/pnas.1332764100</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12808131?dopt=Abstract">PMID 12808131</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC166200/">PMC&nbsp;166200</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:DNA-bindende+Proteine&amp;rft.atitle=A+global+transcriptional+regulatory+role+for+c-Myc+in+Burkitt%27s+lymphoma+cells&amp;rft.au=Z.+Li%2C+S.+Van+Calcar%2C+C.+Qu%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.1332764100&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=14&amp;rft.jtitle=Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+USA&amp;rft.pages=8164-8169&amp;rft.pmc=166200&amp;rft.pmid=12808131&amp;rft.volume=100" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Pabo, R. Sauer: <cite style="font-style:italic">Protein-DNA recognition</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Annu Rev Biochem</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>53</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, 1984, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>293–321</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.001453">10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.001453</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6236744?dopt=Abstract">PMID 6236744</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:DNA-bindende+Proteine&amp;rft.atitle=Protein-DNA+recognition&amp;rft.au=C.+Pabo%2C+R.+Sauer&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.doi=10.1146%2Fannurev.bi.53.070184.001453&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Annu+Rev+Biochem&amp;rft.pages=293-321&amp;rft.pmid=6236744&amp;rft.volume=53" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">T. H. Dickey, S. E. Altschuler, D. S. Wuttke: <i>Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins: multiple domains for multiple functions.</i> In: <i>Structure (London, England&nbsp;: 1993).</i> Band 21, Nummer 7, Juli 2013, S.&nbsp;1074–1084, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2013.05.013" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.str.2013.05.013">doi:10.1016/j.str.2013.05.013</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23823326?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23823326</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816740/">PMC&nbsp;3816740</a> (freier Volltext).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Iftode, Y. Daniely, J. Borowiec: <cite style="font-style:italic">Replication protein A (RPA): the eukaryotic SSB</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>34</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>3</span>, 1999, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>141–180</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10409239991209255">10.1080/10409239991209255</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10473346?dopt=Abstract">PMID 10473346</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:DNA-bindende+Proteine&amp;rft.atitle=Replication+protein+A+%28RPA%29%3A+the+eukaryotic+SSB&amp;rft.au=C.+Iftode%2C+Y.+Daniely%2C+J.+Borowiec&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.doi=10.1080%2F10409239991209255&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.jtitle=Crit+Rev+Biochem+Mol+Biol&amp;rft.pages=141-180&amp;rft.pmid=10473346&amp;rft.volume=34" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Sandman, S. Pereira, J. Reeve: <cite style="font-style:italic">Diversity of prokaryotic chromosomal proteins and the origin of the nucleosome</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Cell Mol Life Sci</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>54</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>12</span>, 1998, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1350–1364</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s000180050259">10.1007/s000180050259</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9893710?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9893710</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:DNA-bindende+Proteine&amp;rft.atitle=Diversity+of+prokaryotic+chromosomal+proteins+and+the+origin+of+the+nucleosome&amp;rft.au=K.+Sandman%2C+S.+Pereira%2C+J.+Reeve&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs000180050259&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.jtitle=Cell+Mol+Life+Sci&amp;rft.pages=1350-1364&amp;rft.pmid=9893710&amp;rft.volume=54" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. T. Dame: <cite style="font-style:italic">The role of nucleoid-associated proteins in the organization and compaction of bacterial chromatin</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Mol. Microbiol.</cite> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>56</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4</span>, 2005, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>858–870</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04598.x">10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04598.x</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15853876?dopt=Abstract">PMID 15853876</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:DNA-bindende+Proteine&amp;rft.atitle=The+role+of+nucleoid-associated+proteins+in+the+organization+and+compaction+of+bacterial+chromatin&amp;rft.au=R.+T.+Dame&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.doi=10.1111%2Fj.1365-2958.2005.04598.x&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Mol.+Microbiol.&amp;rft.pages=858-870&amp;rft.pmid=15853876&amp;rft.volume=56" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
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</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Grosschedl, K. Giese, J. Pagel: <cite style="font-style:italic">HMG domain proteins: architectural elements in the assembly of nucleoprotein structures</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Trends Genet</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>10</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>3</span>, 1994, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>94–100</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525%2894%2990232-1">10.1016/0168-9525(94)90232-1</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8178371?dopt=Abstract">PMID 8178371</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:DNA-bindende+Proteine&amp;rft.atitle=HMG+domain+proteins%3A+architectural+elements+in+the+assembly+of+nucleoprotein+structures&amp;rft.au=R.+Grosschedl%2C+K.+Giese%2C+J.+Pagel&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2F0168-9525%2894%2990232-1&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.jtitle=Trends+Genet&amp;rft.pages=94-100&amp;rft.pmid=8178371&amp;rft.volume=10" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Myers, R. Kornberg: <cite style="font-style:italic">Mediator of transcriptional regulation</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Annu Rev Biochem</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>69</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, 2000, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>729–749</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.729">10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.729</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10966474?dopt=Abstract">PMID 10966474</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:DNA-bindende+Proteine&amp;rft.atitle=Mediator+of+transcriptional+regulation&amp;rft.au=L.+Myers%2C+R.+Kornberg&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.doi=10.1146%2Fannurev.biochem.69.1.729&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Annu+Rev+Biochem&amp;rft.pages=729-749&amp;rft.pmid=10966474&amp;rft.volume=69" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Spiegelman, R. Heinrich: <cite style="font-style:italic">Biological control throughs regulated transcriptional coactivators</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Cell</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>119</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>2</span>, 2004, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>157–167</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2004.09.037">10.1016/j.cell.2004.09.037</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15479634?dopt=Abstract">PMID 15479634</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:DNA-bindende+Proteine&amp;rft.atitle=Biological+control+throughs+regulated+transcriptional+coactivators&amp;rft.au=B.+Spiegelman%2C+R.+Heinrich&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.cell.2004.09.037&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Cell&amp;rft.pages=157-167&amp;rft.pmid=15479634&amp;rft.volume=119" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">V. Charoensawan, D. Wilson, S. A. Teichmann: <i>Genomic repertoires of DNA-binding transcription factors across the tree of life.</i> In: <i>Nucleic acids research.</i> Band 38, Nummer 21, November 2010, S.&nbsp;7364–7377, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq617" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1093/nar/gkq617">doi:10.1093/nar/gkq617</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20675356?dopt=Abstract">PMID 20675356</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995046/">PMC&nbsp;2995046</a> (freier Volltext).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">N. W. Ashton, E. Bolderson, L. Cubeddu, K. J. O’Byrne, D. J. Richard: <i>Human single-stranded DNA binding proteins are essential for maintaining genomic stability.</i> In: <i>BMC molecular biology.</i> Band 14, 2013, S.&nbsp;9, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2199-14-9" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1186/1471-2199-14-9">doi:10.1186/1471-2199-14-9</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23548139?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23548139</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3626794/">PMC&nbsp;3626794</a> (freier Volltext).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">H. L. Brand, S. B. Satbhai, H. Ü. Kolukisaoglu, D. Wanke: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/117037/chapter"><i>Limits And Prospects Of Methods For The Analysis Of DNA-Protein Interaction.</i></a> Bentham eBook, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">S. 124–148</span>,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 21.&nbsp;Oktober 2020</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ADNA-bindende+Proteine&amp;rft.title=Limits+And+Prospects+Of+Methods+For+The+Analysis+Of+DNA-Protein+Interaction&amp;rft.description=Limits+And+Prospects+Of+Methods+For+The+Analysis+Of+DNA-Protein+Interaction&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurekaselect.com%2F117037%2Fchapter&amp;rft.creator=H.+L.+Brand%2C+S.+B.+Satbhai%2C+H.+%C3%9C.+Kolukisaoglu%2C+D.+Wanke&amp;rft.publisher=Bentham+eBook&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. F. Carey, C. L. Peterson, S. T. Smale: <i>Experimental strategies for the identification of DNA-binding proteins.</i> In: <i>Cold Spring Harbor protocols.</i> Band 2012, Nummer 1, Januar 2012, S.&nbsp;18–33, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.top067470" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1101/pdb.top067470">doi:10.1101/pdb.top067470</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194258?dopt=Abstract">PMID 22194258</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">V. B. Teif, K. Rippe: <cite style="font-style:italic">Statistical-mechanical lattice models for protein-DNA binding in chromatin.</cite> In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter</cite>. 2010, <a href="ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arxiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1004.5514">1004.5514</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:DNA-bindende+Proteine&amp;rft.atitle=Statistical-mechanical+lattice+models+for+protein-DNA+binding+in+chromatin.&amp;rft.au=V.+B.+Teif%2C+K.+Rippe&amp;rft.btitle=Journal+of+Physics%3A+Condensed+Matter&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=book" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. C. Wong, T. M. Chan, C. Peng, Y. Li, Z. Zhang: <i>DNA Motif Elucidation using belief propagation.</i> In: <i>Nucleic Acids Research.</i> Advanced Online June 2013; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt574" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1093/nar/gkt574">doi:10.1093/nar/gkt574</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23814189?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23814189</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. D. Stormo: <i>DNA binding sites: representation and discovery.</i> In: <i>Bioinformatics.</i> Band 16, Nummer 1, Januar 2000, S.&nbsp;16–23. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10812473?dopt=Abstract">PMID 10812473</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Created from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1LMB">PDB 1LMB</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Created from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1RVA">PDB 1RVA</a></span>
</li>
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